Kana zvasvika pakushandisa michina iri padivi pekushandisa internet, tinowanzoona mazwi echiRungu akadai seONU, ONT, SFU, uye HGU. Mashoko aya anorevei? Musiyano chii?
1. MaONU nemaONT
Mhando huru dzekushandisa dze broadband optical fiber dzinosanganisira: FTTH, FTTO, uye FTTB, uye mhando dzemidziyo yemushandisi yakasiyana pasi pemhando dzakasiyana dzekushandisa. Midziyo yemushandisi yeFTTH neFTTO inoshandiswa nemushandisi mumwe chete, anonziONT(Optical network terminal, optical network terminal), uye michina yeFTTB inoshandiswa nevashandisi vakawanda, inonziONU(Chikamu cheNetiweki yeOptical, chikamu chenetiweki yeoptical).
Mushandisi ataurwa pano anoreva mushandisi anobhadhariswa mari yake ega nemushandi, kwete huwandu hwematerminal anoshandiswa. Semuenzaniso, ONT yeFTTH inowanzo goverwa nematerminal akawanda mumba, asi mushandisi mumwe chete ndiye anogona kuverengwa.
2. Mhando dzeONTs
ONT ndiyo yatinowanzodaidza kuti optical modem, iyo yakakamurwa kuita SFU (Single Family Unit, single family user unit), HGU (Home Gateway Unit, home gateway unit) uye SBU (Single Business Unit, single business user unit).
2.1. SFU
SFU inowanzova neEthernet interfaces imwe kusvika ina, nharembozha dzakagadziriswa imwe kusvika mbiri, uye mamwe mamodheru anewo cable TV interfaces. SFU haina basa rekupinda pagedhi repamba, uye terminal yakabatana neEthernet port chete ndiyo inogona kufona kuti isvike paInternet, uye basa rekutarisira kure harina simba. Modem ye optical inoshandiswa pakutanga kweFTTH ndeye SFU, iyo isingawanzo shandiswa pari zvino.
2.2. MaHGU
Mamodheru e optical ane vashandisi veFTTH akavhurwa mumakore achangopfuura ese ariHGUKana tichienzanisa neSFU, HGU ine zvakanakira zvinotevera:
(1) HGU chishandiso chegedhi, chiri nyore kushandisa pakubatanidza ma network kumba; nepo SFU chishandiso chekutumira ma network chinoonekera, chisina hunyanzvi hwegedhi, uye chinowanzo da kushandira pamwe kwezvishandiso zvegedhi zvakaita sema router epamba pakubatanidza ma network kumba.
(2) HGU inotsigira nzira yekufambisa data uye ine basa reNAT, iro riri mudziyo we-layer-3; nepo SFU type ichingotsigira nzira ye-layer-2 bridging, iyo yakaenzana neswitch ye-layer-2.
(3) HGU inogona kushandisa application yayo ye broadband dial-up, uye makomputa akabatana nema terminals efoni anogona kupinda zvakananga paInternet pasina kufona; nepo SFU ichifanirwa kufona nekombuta yemushandisi kana nharembozha kana kuburikidza ne router yepamba.
(4) HGU iri nyore pakushanda kukuru uye kugadzirisa.
HGU inowanzo kuuya neWiFi uye ine USB port.
2.3. MaSBU
SBU inonyanya kushandiswa kuti mushandisi weFTTO awane mukana, uye kazhinji ine Ethernet interface, uye mamwe mamodheru ane E1 interface, landline interface, kana wifi function. Kana ichienzaniswa neSFU neHGU, SBU ine mashandiro ekudzivirira magetsi ari nani uye kugadzikana kwakanyanya, uye inowanzoshandiswawo muzviitiko zvekunze zvakaita sekutarisa mavhidhiyo.
3. ONUTepe
ONU yakakamurwa kuvaMDU(Multi-Dwelling Unit, multi-residents unit) uye MTU (Multi-Tenant Unit, multi-residents unit).
MDU inonyanya kushandiswa kune vashandisi vakawanda vanogara pasi peFTTB application type, uye kazhinji ine ma interfaces mana evashandisi, kazhinji ane ma interfaces 8, 16, 24 FE kana FE+POTS (fixed telephone).
MTU inonyanya kushandiswa kuti vashandisi vemabhizinesi akawanda vasvike kana kuti materminal akawanda mubhizinesi rimwe chete muFTTB. Kuwedzera kune Ethernet interface uye fixed telephone interface, inogonawo kunge iine E1 interface; chimiro nebasa reMTU hazviwanzo kufanana nereMDU. Musiyano, asi mashandiro ekudzivirira magetsi ari nani uye kugadzikana kwacho kwakakwira. Nekufarirwa kweFTTO, mamiriro ekushandisa eMTU ari kuramba achiwedzera kuderera.
4. Pfupiso
Broadband optical fiber access inonyanya kushandisa tekinoroji yePON. Kana chimiro chaicho chemuchina wekushandisa chisina kusiyaniswa, muchina wePON system unogona kunzi ONU.
ONU, ONT, SFU, HGU…izvi zvishandiso Zvose zvinotsanangura michina inoshandiswa nevashandisi kuti vawane broadband kubva kumativi akasiyana, uye hukama huripo pakati pavo hunoratidzwa mumufananidzo uri pazasi.
Nguva yekutumira: Kubvumbi-21-2023