Zvinhu zvinoshandiswa kugadzira optical fibers zvinogona kutora simba rechiedza. Mushure mezvimedu zviri mu optical fiber zvinhu zvinotora simba rechiedza, zvinoburitsa vibration uye kupisa, uye kuparadzira simba, zvichikonzera kurasikirwa.Ichi chinyorwa chichaongorora kunyura kurasikirwa kwezvinhu zvefiber optical.
Tinoziva kuti matter anoumbwa nemaatomu nemamorekuru, uye maatomu anoumbwa neatomic nuclei uye extranuclear electrons, ayo anotenderera atomic nucleus mune imwe orbit. Izvi zvakangofanana neNyika yatinogara pairi, pamwe nemapuraneti akaita seVenus neMars, ose anotenderera zuva. Erekitironi imwe neimwe ine chiyero chesimba uye iri mune imwe orbit, kana nemamwe mazwi, imwe neimwe orbit ine imwe nhanho yesimba.
The orbital energy level padyo neatomic nucleus yakadzikira, ukuwo orbital simba mwero kure kure neatomic nucleus yakakwirira.Hukuru hwemusiyano wechiyero chesimba pakati pematenderedzwa anodaidzwa kuti simba remusiyano. Kana maerekitironi achichinja kubva padanho resimba rakaderera kuenda padanho resimba repamusoro, anoda kutora simba pamusiyano wesimba unoenderana.
Mune optical fibers, kana maerekitironi ari pane imwe nhanho yesimba achivhenekerwa nechiedza chewavelength inoenderana nemusiyano wesimba resimba, maerekitironi ari pa low-energy orbitals anozochinja kuenda ku orbitals ane mazinga esimba akakwirira.Erekitironi iyi inotora simba rechiedza, zvichikonzera kurasikirwa kwechiedza.
Iyo yakakosha zvinhu zvekugadzira optical fibers, silicon dioxide (SiO2), iyo pachayo inotora mwenje, imwe inonzi ultraviolet absorption uye imwe inonzi infrared absorption. Parizvino, fiber optic communication inowanzoshanda chete muwavelength range ye 0.8-1.6 μ m, saka isu tichangokurukura kurasikirwa munzvimbo ino yekushanda.
Iyo peak yekunyura inogadzirwa nemagetsi shanduko mugirazi yequartz yakatenderedza 0.1-0.2 μ m wavelength munharaunda yeultraviolet. Sezvo iyo wavelength inowedzera, kunyura kwayo kunoderera zvishoma nezvishoma, asi nzvimbo yakakanganiswa yakafara, inosvika wavelengths pamusoro pe 1 μ m. Nekudaro, kunyura kweUV hakuna mhedzisiro pane quartz optical fibers inoshanda munzvimbo ye infrared. Semuenzaniso, munzvimbo yechiedza inooneka pane wavelength ye 0.6 μ m, kunyura kwe ultraviolet kunogona kusvika 1dB/km, iyo inoderera kusvika 0.2-0.3dB/km pakureba kwe0.8 μ m, uye inenge 0.1dB/km chete pawavelength yem1.2 μm.
Iyo infrared absorption kurasikirwa kwequartz fiber inogadzirwa neiyo molecular vibration yezvinhu munzvimbo ye infrared. Kune akati wandei ekudedera absorption peaks mu frequency bhendi pamusoro pe2 μ m. Nekuda kwekupesvedzera kwezvinhu zvakasiyana-siyana zvedoping mumafiber optical, hazvibviri kuti quartz fibers ive nefafitera yekurasikirwa yakaderera mubhendi re frequency pamusoro pe2 μ m. Iyo theoretical muganhu kurasikirwa pawavelength ye1.85 μ m ndeye ldB/km.Kuburikidza netsvakurudzo, zvakaonekwawo kuti kune mamwe "mamorekuru anoparadza" anokonzera dambudziko mugirazi requartz, kunyanya kukuvadza kusvibiswa kwesimbi yekuchinja semhangura, simbi, chromium, manganese, nezvimwewo. "Vakaipa" ava vanotora simba rechiedza nemakaro pasi pekuvhenekera kwechiedza, kusvetuka uye kusvetuka-svetuka, zvichikonzera kurasikirwa kwesimba. Kubvisa "zvinonetsa" uye kuchenesa nemakemikari zvinhu zvinoshandiswa kugadzira optical fibers zvinogona kuderedza zvakanyanya kurasikirwa.
Imwe sosi yekunyura mu quartz optical fibers ndiyo hydroxide (OH -) chikamu. Izvo zvakaonekwa kuti hydroxide ine mapeji matatu ekunyura mubhandi rekushanda refiber, iyo 0.95 μ m, 1.24 μ m, uye 1.38 μ m. Pakati pavo, kurasikirwa kwekutora pawavelength ye1.38 μ m ndiyo yakanyanya kuoma uye ine simba guru pane fiber. Pane wavelength ye 1.38 μ m, kunyura kwepamusoro kurasikirwa kunogadzirwa neiyo hydroxide ions ine zvinyorwa zve 0.0001 chete yakakwira se33dB/km.
Aya maion hydroxide anobva kupi? Kune akawanda masosi e hydroxide ions. Chekutanga, zvinhu zvinoshandiswa kugadzira optical fibers zvine hunyoro uye hydroxide compounds, izvo zvakaoma kubvisa panguva yekunatswa kwezvinhu zvakasvibirira uye pakupedzisira zvinoramba zviri mumhando ye hydroxide ion mune optical fibers; Chechipiri, iyo haidrojeni neokisijeni makomisheni anoshandiswa mukugadzira optical fibers ane hunyoro hushoma; Chechitatu, mvura inogadzirwa panguva yekugadzirwa kwe optical fibers nekuda kwekuita kwemakemikari; Yechina ndeyokuti kupinda kwemhepo yekunze kunounza mhute yemvura. Nekudaro, iyo nzira yekugadzira ikozvino yakagadziridzwa kusvika padanho rakakura, uye zvirimo zve hydroxide ions zvakaderedzwa kusvika padanho rakaderera zvekuti kukanganisa kwaro pamafiber optical kunogona kufuratirwa.
Nguva yekutumira: Oct-23-2025