Zvinhu zvinoshandiswa kugadzira fiber dze optical zvinogona kutora simba rechiedza. Kana zvidimbu zviri mufiber dze optical zvatora simba rechiedza, zvinoburitsa kudedera nekupisa, uye zvinobvisa simba, zvichikonzera kurasikirwa nekupinza.Chinyorwa chino chichaongorora kurasikirwa kwekunyudzwa kwezvinhu zve optical fiber.
Tinoziva kuti zvinhu zvinoumbwa nemaatomu nemamorekuru, uye maatomu anoumbwa nemaatomu nuclei nemaerekitironi ekunze kwenyukireya, anotenderera akatenderedza nucleus yeatomu mune imwe orbit. Izvi zvakafanana nePasi ratinorarama, pamwe nemapuraneti akaita seVenus neMars, ese anotenderera Zuva. Erekitironi yega yega ine simba rakati uye iri muorbit yakati, kana kuti nemamwe mazwi, orbit yega yega ine simba rakati.
Masimba emuchadenga ari pedyo nenucleus yeatomu akaderera, nepo simba remuchadenga riri kure nenucleus yeatomu rakakwirira.Hukuru hwemusiyano wesimba pakati pema "orbits" hunonzi musiyano wesimba. Kana maerekitironi achichinja kubva padanho resimba rakaderera kuenda padanho resimba rakakwirira, anofanira kupinza simba pamusiyano wesimba rakaenzana.
Mumafiber e optical, kana maerekitironi ari padanho resimba rakati akavhenekerwa nechiedza chewavelength chinoenderana nemusiyano wesimba, maerekitironi ari pama orbital ane simba shoma anozochinja kuenda kuma orbital ane simba rakawanda.Erekitironi iyi inotora simba rechiedza, zvichiita kuti chiedza chirasikirwe nekupinza chiedza.
Chinhu chikuru chinoshandiswa pakugadzira fiber dze optical, silicon dioxide (SiO2), pachayo inonwisa chiedza, chimwe chinonzi ultraviolet absorption uye chimwe chinonzi infrared absorption. Parizvino, fiber optic communication inowanzo shanda chete muhurefu hwe wavelength hwe 0.8-1.6 μ m, saka tichangokurukura nezvekurasikirwa munzvimbo iyi yekushanda.
Kusvika pakunyudzwa kwechiedza kunokonzerwa nekuchinja kwemagetsi mugirazi re quartz kunosvika 0.1-0.2 μ m kureba kwechiedza munzvimbo ye ultraviolet. Sezvo kureba kwechiedza kuchikwira, kunyudzwa kwacho kunoderera zvishoma nezvishoma, asi nzvimbo yakakanganiswa yakafara, ichisvika pakureba kwechiedza pamusoro pe 1 μ m. Zvisinei, kunyudzwa kwechiedza cheUV hakuna zvakunobatsira pa quartz optical fibers inoshanda munzvimbo ye infrared. Semuenzaniso, munzvimbo yechiedza chinoonekwa pahupamhi hwe 0.6 μ m, kunyudzwa kwechiedza che ultraviolet kunogona kusvika 1dB/km, iyo inoderera kusvika 0.2-0.3dB/km pahupamhi hwe 0.8 μ m, uye inenge 0.1dB/km chete pahupamhi hwe 1.2 μ m.
Kurasikirwa kwe infrared absorption ye quartz fiber kunokonzerwa nekudzungudza kwemamorekuru echinhu chiri munzvimbo ye infrared. Kune ma vibration absorption peaks akawanda mu frequency band iri pamusoro pe 2 μ m. Nekuda kwesimba rezvinhu zvakasiyana-siyana zve doping mu optical fibers, hazvigoneke kuti quartz fibers ive ne low loss window mu frequency band iri pamusoro pe 2 μ m. The theoretical limit loss pa wavelength ye 1.85 μ m i ldB/km.Kuburikidza nekutsvaga, zvakaonekwawo kuti kune mamwe mamorekuru anoparadza anokonzera matambudziko mugirazi re quartz, kunyanya tsvina yesimbi inokuvadza yakaita semhangura, iron, chromium, manganese, nezvimwewo. Ava 'vakaipa' vanotora simba rechiedza nemakaro pasi pekuvhenekerwa nechiedza, vachisvetuka-svetuka, zvichikonzera kurasikirwa nesimba rechiedza. Kubvisa 'vanokonzera matambudziko' uye kuchenesa nemakemikari zvinhu zvinoshandiswa kugadzira fiber dze optical kunogona kuderedza kurasikirwa.
Imwe nzira yekunyudza mu quartz optical fibers i hydroxide (OH -) phase. Zvakaonekwa kuti hydroxide ine peaks nhatu dzekunyudza mubhandi rekushanda re fiber, idzo dziri 0.95 μ m, 1.24 μ m, uye 1.38 μ m. Pakati padzo, kurasikirwa kwekunyudza pawavelength ye 1.38 μ m ndiko kwakanyanya uye kune simba guru pa fiber. Pawavelength ye 1.38 μ m, kurasikirwa kukuru kwekunyudza kunokonzerwa nema hydroxide ions ane huwandu hwe 0.0001 chete kwakakwira se 33dB/km.
Maion aya ehydroxide anobva kupi? Kune manyuko akawanda emaion ehydroxide. Chekutanga, zvinhu zvinoshandiswa kugadzira fiber dze optical zvine hunyoro uye hydroxide compounds, izvo zvakaoma kubvisa panguva yekuchenesa zvinhu zvisina kugadzirwa uye pakupedzisira zvinoramba zvakaita se hydroxide ions mu fiber dze optical; Chechipiri, hydrogen ne oxygen compounds zvinoshandiswa mukugadzira fiber dze optical zvine hunyoro hushoma; Chechitatu, mvura inogadzirwa panguva yekugadzira fiber dze optical nekuda kwemakemikari; Chechina ndechekuti kupinda kwemhepo yekunze kunounza mhute yemvura. Zvisinei, maitiro ekugadzira ikozvino akura zvakanyanya, uye huwandu hwe hydroxide ions hwakaderedzwa kusvika padanho rakaderera zvekuti kukanganisa kwayo pa fiber dze optical kunogona kuregeredzwa.
Nguva yekutumira: Gumiguru-23-2025