Tekinoroji dzekutaurirana dzisina waya dzinoita basa rakakosha muInternet of Things, dzinosanganisira zvinhu zvakasiyana-siyana. Chinyorwa chino chinopa sumo pfupi kune mamwe matekinoroji ekutaurirana eIoT anoshandiswa zvakanyanya nhasi.
1. Manetwork enharembozha
Tose tinoziva tekinoroji yemafoni— tekinoroji imwechete inoshandiswa mumafoni. Pakutanga, ma network aya emafoni akagadzirirwa mafoni anoshandiswa nemabhatiri uye akanga asina kukodzera kugadzirwa kweIoT. Zvisinei, kufambira mberi kwazvino kwakaita kuti matekinoroji emafoni ave akakodzera maapplication eIoT.
Kunyangwe network dzenharembozha dzichiwanikwa munzvimbo zhinji, kubatana kwenharembozha kunowanzova kwakashata munzvimbo dzinonyanya kudiwa pakutarisa, dzakadai semaelevator, ma utility closet, uye ma basement. Kunyange zvazvo matekinoroji matsva aderedza kushandiswa kwesimba, kutaurirana kwenharembozha kuchiri kuda simba rakawanda kupfuura mamwe matekinoroji akawanda asina waya.
Manetwork efoni e5G, se tekinoroji yechizvarwa chinotevera, inopa kumhanya kwakanyanya uye kufamba-famba, zvichiita kuti zvive zvakakodzera pakutarisa mavhidhiyo, kutakurwa uye kutakura zvinhu, kutumira data rezvekurapa, uye otomatiki. Zvinofungidzirwa kuti panosvika 2024, pachava neVanhu vanoshandisa nharembozha dze5G vanosvika mabhiriyoni 1.9 pasi rose.
2. LPWAN
LPWAN yakagadzirwa kuti igadzirise matambudziko ekubatana kwenharembozha. Kana ichienzaniswa neBluetooth kana Wi-Fi, LPWAN inogona kutumira mapaketi madiki edata munzvimbo dzakareba.
LoRaWANndeimwe yemanetwork eIoT anoshandiswa zvakanyanya, zvichiita kuti kutaurirana kure kure kuve kure. Inoda simba shoma uye machipsets asingadhuri. Pamusoro pezvo, network iyi iri kure inogona kupa kubatana kunzvimbo dzakakura, dzine vanhu vakawanda.
3. Wi-Fi
Kunyangwe Wi-Fi ichinyanya kufarirwa mudzimba, kuvharwa kwayo kushoma, kuvimba nemagetsi, uye zvipingamupinyi zvekukura zvinoita kuti isashande zvakanaka kumashandisirwo eIoT. Wi-Fi yakakodzera midziyo yemumba inogona kubatanidzwa nyore nyore kune sosi yemagetsi uye kazhinji haisi sarudzo yakakodzera yekubatanidza IoT mumaindasitiri.
Muyero weWi-Fi unozivikanwa,Wi-Fi 6, inopa bandwidth yakakura kunyangwe munzvimbo dzine vanhu vakawanda. Zvisinei, ichiri kuda kuvandudzwa kwezvivakwa.
4. Mambure eMesh
Sezvinoratidzwa nezita racho, ma network e mesh anovimba nekudyidzana kuripo pakati pezvikamu. Kusiyana ne nyeredzi, uko ma node ese anotaurirana ne central hub, ma network e mesh anotumira data pakati pema nodes kusvika asvika pagedhi.
Manetwork emesh haashande zvakanaka kana ari kure uye anoda masensa akawanda kuti ape nzvimbo yakakwana yekuvhara. Anoshandisa simba rakawanda kupfuura mashandisirwo ari pedyo. Zvisinei, manetwork emesh akasimba uye akavimbika, anogonesa kutumira data nekukurumidza kune network yese, uye ari nyore kuisa.
5. Bluetooth neBLE
Bluetooth inyanzvi yekutaurirana inozivikanwa zvikuru, inofambiswa neinternet pfupi, yakagadzirirwa kutumira data kubva panzvimbo imwe kuenda kune imwe kana kubva panzvimbo imwe kuenda kumidziyo yakawanda yevatengi.
Kuti zvizadzise zvinodiwa nemidziyo yeIoT yevatengi,Bluetooth Simba Rishomayakagadzirwa. Midziyo inoshandisirwa Bluetooth inowanzobatanidzwa nemafoni, ayo anoshanda senzvimbo dzepakati dzekutumira data kugore. Parizvino, BLE inonyanya kushandiswa muzvishandiso zvekupfeka zvekurapa.
6. Zigbee nedzimwe nzira dzekubatanidza machira esimbi
Zigbee yakafanana zvikuru ne networking ye mesh. Iyi tekinoroji ye wireless yekukurumidza inopa network coverage nekutumira data re sensor pakati pema nodes.
Kusiyana netekinoroji yeLPWAN, Zigbee inopamitengo yepamusoro yedata ine simba shomaZigbee nedzimwe nzira dzakafanana dze mesh dzakanyatsokodzera mashandisirwo eIoT mapfupi kusvika pakati nepakati uko ma node akapararira zvakaenzana uye zvakaenzana.
Nzira yekare yekushandisa IoT yeZigbee ndeyeotomatiki yepambaZigbee kazhinji haionekwi seyakakodzera kushandiswa mumaindasitiri, sezvo kubatana kwayo kusingavimbike zvakanyanya kana masensa akapararira munzvimbo dzakakura kana nzvimbo dzakaoma dzenetwork.
7. LAN / PAN
MaLAN nemaPAN network dzekutumira data dzinodhura zvishoma, asi kubatana kwavo hakuna kuvimbika. Mumhinduro dzeIoT, maPAN nemaLAN asina waya anowanzomiririrwa neWi-Fi neBluetooth.
Wi-Fi inoshanda zvakanaka munzvimbo dzakavharirwa uye inoda masaini akasimba uye kuva pedyo nenzvimbo dzekupinda kuti ishande zvakanaka.
8. Kuzivikanwa kweRadio Frequency
Kuzivikanwa kweRadio Frequency (RFID)inoshandisa mafungu eredhiyo kutumira ruzivo rudiki munzvimbo diki. Inobatsira zvikuru muzvitoro zvekutengesa nekutakura.
Ma RFID tags anowanzo batanidzwa pazvigadzirwa kana michina mumabasa ekutakura zvinhu, zvichibvumira mabhizinesi kutevedzera zviri nyore kufamba kwezvinhu munguva chaiyo. Iyi tekinoroji inobatsira kurerutsa kutengeswa kwezvinhu uye manejimendi yezvinhu. Muzvitoro, ma RFID tags anonyanya kushandiswa mumakauntara ekuzvibhadharira uye masherufu akangwara.
Nguva yekutumira: Ndira-15-2026